The Germanium Diaries
The Germanium Diaries
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Uncombined elements have an oxidation point out of 0. The sum from the oxidation states within a compound or ion have to equivalent the overall demand.
Nghiên cứu của FDA đưa ra kết luận rằng germani, khi sử đụng như là chất bổ sung dinh dưỡng, "thể hiện một số nguy hiểm tiềm tàng cho sức khỏe con người".[6]
In addition, ε showed a slightly greater benefit than εth in all samples. Just one doable reason for the difference may very well be that Δα was calculated as a continuing, although CTE trusted temperature50. From the above mentioned, it may be witnessed that an affordable pressure is applied to the Ge movie in response to Δα.
Experimentally, poor overall performance has actually been received when high-k oxides are deposited right onto the Ge channel resulting from a large density of defects that build electronic states inside the bandgap. Superior-k products intrinsically have a greater concentration of defects in comparison to SiO2 due to their better coordination quantity.
Desi germaniul este un part prezent in toate organismele vii, acesta nu prezinta o functie structurala (cum prezinta siliciul in cadrul unor exoschelete) si nu a fost dovedit ca fiind un aspect esential pentru plante sau animale[sixty nine]. Sax [70] mentioneaza cum germaniul are un caracter scazut al toxicitatii, insa GeH4 are un caracter hemolitic, fiind periculos in cantitati peste one hundred ppm.
off ratios. The SME method also provides a fascinating alternative technique for Ge/Si heteroepitaxy, especially if the make a difference of unintentional history doping might be fixed.
In the effort to establish disruptive quantum technologies, germanium is rising as a versatile material to understand units capable of encoding, processing and transmitting quantum facts. These units leverage the special Attributes of holes in germanium, for example their inherently powerful spin–orbit coupling as well as their ability to host superconducting pairing correlations. With this Assessment, we get started by introducing the physics of holes in minimal-dimensional germanium buildings, offering vital insights from a theoretical point of view.
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Studiile pe animale indica faptul ca germaniul, in forma anorganica si organica, sunt absorbiti swift si aproape complet in tractul respirator si gastrointestinal. Distributia este relativ uniforma in cadrul organelor, insa exista o predispozitie pentru depozitarea acestuia in rinichi si ficat, fiind urmata de o excretie urinara rapida si acumulare pe termen lung in oase.
Atomic radius, non-bonded Half of the distance involving two unbonded atoms of precisely the same aspect once the electrostatic forces are balanced. These values ended up established employing many unique strategies.
Cu toate acestea, sărurile sintetice de germaniu sunt compuși nefrotoxici, iar compușii sintetici ai germaniului cu halogenii și hidrogenul devin toxine și au proprietăți iritante.
A gradual turn from microelectronics to nanoelectronics and related miniaturization of constitutive components of electronic gadgets designate new challenges and demand from customers alternative strategies in modification and control of Attributes. Whilst, reasonable variations in temperature can cause extraordinary outcomes, e.g., to abrupt and reversible p–n inversion of electrical conduction type noticed in Ag10Te4Br3 semiconductor at around 375 K19, much more tasteful external stimuli, website like controlled stresses would greater suit the requests of micro- and nanoelectronics.
Germanium tetrachloride is utilized like a dopant - or additive - to improve the refractive index during the silica glass core of fiber-optic lines. By incorporating germanium, signal loss is prevented may be prevented.
On this analyze, we examine the consequences of pressure within the crystallinity and electrical Attributes of n-type Ge thin films. The pressure dependence of EB within the n-type Ge skinny movies was inversely correlated with that in the p-type Ge skinny movies. This actions suggests the transform in EB owing to strain is a result of the piezoelectric effect43,forty four,forty five,forty six.